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Guide D Transportation systems in buildings (2020)
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Guide D Transportation systems in buildings (2020)

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Guide D aims to provide guidance to practitioners involved in transportation systems in buildings; it will also be of interest to architects and developers, and to facilities and building managers who may not be directly concerned with the design and installation of lifts and escalators but need to understand the advice offered to them by specialists. Not least, the Guide should also be of value to students embarking on a career in mechanical, electrical or building services engineering and those already practising in these disciplines who wish to enhance their knowledge through a programme of continuing professional development.

Guide D was first published in 1993 under the encouragement of Peter Day of Land Securities. It then stood beside the three CIBSE Guides – A, B and C – which CIBSE published at that time. The success of Guide D has spawned a whole raft of CIBSE Guides on various topics. Updating of Guide D has continued on a five-year cycle, with revised editions published in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and now 2020, with Dr Gina Barney as Technical Editor.

This edition of CIBSE Guide D has once again been brought up do date to keep it fresh and especially useful. This has been achieved by the expert efforts of the many authors, contributors and reviewers, as well as CIBSE staff. Through the years many individuals have given their time and knowledge freely and we owe all of them our heartfelt thanks.

Guide D provides a one stop shop for general information related to vertical transportation for the practitioner. It should be especially of use to persons setting out on a career in the industry. Educators will find It forms excellent support to deliver training courses.

Some things change slowly, such as components, whilst others, such as drive systems, continue to evolve. Since 1993 the Guide has grown in size to accommodate the increase of knowledge. Because it is written by experts it has become highly regarded and authoritative the world over.

However, all users must keep in mind that Guide D is just that, a guide. It provides guidance and recommendations. It is not a standard. Every effort has been made to ensure, as far as possible, that this Guide maintains this distinction when referring to standards. Where standards are mentioned, generally in an extracted form, and guidance is offered, it is always wise for the user of this Guide to read that standard for themselves, in order to check it addresses their requirements.


If you purchased a hard copy of Guide D prior to January 2021, please download the latest corrigendum hereThis details corrections made to several equations in Chapter 13. There is no need to download the corrigendum if you have purchased the PDF - simply download the up-to-date PDF.

Table of Contents

1.1      Purpose of Guide D

1.2      Recent developments

1.3      Contents of Guide D

1.4      Other sources of information

           

2         Interior circulation

2.1      General considerations

2.2      Symbols and definitions

2.3      Human factors

2.4      Passive circulation elements

2.5      Active circulation elements

2.6      Circulation in other types of buildings

2.7      Location and arrangement of transportation facilities

2.8      Facilities for persons with disabilities

Appendix 2.1: Principles of interior circulation

           

3         Lift traffic design using calculation

3.1      Introduction

3.2      List of symbols

3.3      Definitions

3.4      The design process

3.5      The calculation method

3.6      Data gathering

3.7      Car selection

3.8      Example calculation

3.9      Further design considerations

3.1      Extensions to the basic design procedure

3.11    Selection of equipment with respect to lift function

3.12    Selection of equipment with respect to building function

3.13    Selection of equipment with respect to building form

3.14    Review of traffic conditions other than uppeak

3.15    Advanced techniques

3.16    Finally

           

4         Lift traffic design using simulation

4.1      Introduction

4.2      Quality of service

4.3      When to use simulation

4.4      Describing traffic

4.5      Car loading

4.6      Simulations to ISO/FDIS 8100-32

4.7      Simulation with CIBSE templates

4.8      Office design

4.9      Hotel design

4.1      Residential design

4.11    Other considerations

4.12    Example simulations

4.13    Simulation applied to modernization

4.14    Comparing simulation with round trip time calculations

4.15    Traffic analysis and simulation software

4.16    Epilogue

           

5         Types of transportation systems

5.1      Introduction

5.2      Passenger lifts

5.3      Goods passenger lifts

5.4      Goods only lifts

5.5      Observation lifts

5.6      Service lifts

5.7      Motor vehicle lifts

5.8      Rack and pinion lifts

5.9      Rigid chain technology (RCT) lifts

5.1      Lifts for other purposes

5.11    Future concepts

Appendix 5.1: Lift space requirements; car, well, headroom, pit and machine room sizes

Appendix 5.2: Lift space requirements; structural considerations

           

6         Firefighters lifts and evacuation lifts

6.1      Introduction

6.2      Need for firefighters lifts

6.3      Design considerations for firefighters lifts

6.4      Testing, maintenance and modernisation of firefighters lifts

6.5      Evacuation lifts

6.6      Design considerations of evacuation lifts

6.7      Use of non-evacuation lifts for the evacuation of disabled people

6.8      Using lifts for general evacuation

           

7         Lift components and installation

7.1      Introduction

7.2      Electric traction drives

7.3      Hydraulic drives

7.4      Controller cabinet

7.5      Guide rails

7.6      Counterweight

7.7      Lift car

7.8      Door operators

7.9      Door configurations

7.1      Overspeed governors

7.11    Safety gear

7.12    Buffers

7.13    Uncontrolled movement devices

7.14    Suspension systems

7.15    Roping systems

7.16    Passenger controls and signals

7.18    Remote alarms

7.19    Induction (hearing) loops

7.2      Guarding

           

8         Lift drives and controls

8.1      Introduction

8.2      Lift controllers

8.3      Controller technology

8.4      Control of lift drives

8.5      DC motor control techniques

8.6      AC motor control techniques

8.7      Harmonic-related issues

8.8      Energy saving considerations

8.9      Passenger evacuation following mains power failure

8.1      Unintended car movement (UCM)

8.11    Control of hydraulic drives

8.12    Control of door operators

8.13    Electromagnetic compatibility (emc), environment and reliability

8.14    The future of controller systems

           

9         Lift traffic control

9.1      The need for lift traffic control

9.2      Single lift traffic control

9.3      Purpose of group traffic control

9.4      Legacy traffic control systems

9.5      Traffic control algorithms with conventional signalling

9.6      Traffic control algorithms with call allocation registration stations

9.7      Other features of group traffic control systems

9.8      Uppeak boosters

Appendix 9.1: Principles of the call allocation traffic algorithm

Appendix 9.2: Case studies

           

           

10       Escalators and moving walks

10.1    Introduction

10.2    Definitions, commonly available equipment and duty

10.3    Principal components

10.4    Installation planning

10.5    Drive systems, energy usage and safety devices

10.6    Modernising escalators and moving walks

10.7    Commissioning, testing and maintenance

10.8    Operating escalators and moving walks

10.9    Actions after an incident involving an escalator

           

10.1    Escalator or moving walks and LOLER

           

11       Transportation facilities for persons with disabilities

11.1    Access for everyone

11.2    Legislative framework

11.3    Equipment selection to meet user needs

11.4    Passenger lifts

11.5    Lifting platforms

11.6    Stairlifts

11.7    Escalators and moving walks

11.8    Egress for persons with disabilities

11.9    Product selection table

Appendix 11.1:          Summary of the principal requirements of BS EN 81-70 11-19

           

12       Electrical systems and building interface

12.1    Introduction

12.2    Electrical power supplies for lifts

12.3    Lift power factor correction

12.4    Protection of supplies

12.5    Standby power

12.6    Secondary power supplies for firefighters‘ and evacuation lifts

12.7    Isolating switches, lighting and socket outlets

12.8    Electromagnetic compatibility and harmonic distortion

12.9    Cabling and wiring

12.1    Lift well and machinery spaces

12.11  Lift car environment

12.12  Human comfort considerations

12.13  Lightning protection

Appendix 12.A1:       Schedules for electrical systems requirements

           

13       Lift, escalator and moving walk energy consumption

13.1    Energy consumption and energy efficiency

13.2    Symbols

13.4    The energy consumption of lifts

13.5    Energy consumption of escalators and moving walks

13.6    Classification system according to the International Standards Organisation

13.7    Other considerations

Appendix 13.1:          Example format for calculation spreadsheet

Appendix 13.2:           Example calculations

           

14       Lift, escalator and moving walk data acquisition and management

14.1    Introduction

14.2    Lift traffic and escalator surveys

14.3    Lift data logging, monitoring, data management, data presentation and data security

14.4    Escalator and moving walk data logging, monitoring, data management, data presentation and data security

14.5    Cyber security

14.6    Building automation systems (bas) and building management systems (BMS)

14.7    Future possibilities

Appendix 14.1:          Terminology

Appendix 14.2:          Review of open protocols for lift management

           

15       Commissioning, testing, maintenance and thorough examination

15.1    Introduction

15.2    Lifts

15.3    Escalators/moving walks

15.4    Vertical lifting platforms

15.5    Stair lifts and inclined lifting platforms

15.6    The future

Appendix 15.1:          Guidance to testing escalator/moving walks to BS EN 115:2017

           

16       Upgrading of safety, performance and equipment of existing lifts

16.1    Introduction

16.2    Life cycle considerations

16.3    Influencing factors to upgrading

16.4    Relevant legislation, standards and codes of practice

16.5    Undertaking modifications to an existing lift

           

16.6    Undertaking modifications to an existing lift installed after 1 July 1999

16.7    Important considerations when undertaking modifications to existing lifts

16.8    Step-by-step approach to improving the safety of existing lifts

16.9    Improvement in accessibility

16.1    Improvement in protection from vandalism

16.11  Improvement in use for evacuation and firefighting

16.12  Improvement in performance

16.13  Improvement by (minor) replacement of major components

16.14  Summary of modifications undertaken to existing lifts

16.15  Tests and records

           

17       European Directives,UK Acts and UK Regulations

17.1    Important note

17.2    European Directives

17.3    UK Acts of Parliament

17.4    UK Regulations

           

18       British, European and International Standardization for tansportation systems in buildings

18.1    British Standards

18.2    European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

18.3    ISO Standards etc.

18.4    Development of an ISO prescriptive standard for lift safety

Appendix 18.1:        Commenting procedure on British (UK) Standards


Annex 1:         Legislation, standards etc. related to lifts, escalators and moving walks

Annex 2:        Lift kinematics

Annex 3:         Glossary of terms

Principal authors: Dr Gina Barney (Gina Barney Associates), Dr Jonathan Beebe (Consultant), Paul Burchett (Schindler Ltd.), John Carroll (Norman Disney & Young), David A Cooper (LECS (UK) Ltd.), Ian Jones (Otis Ltd.), John McSweeney (independent consultant), Nick Mellor (Lift and Escalator Industry Association (LEIA)), Stephen Normington (KONE plc), Dr Richard Peters (Peters Research Limited), Adam Scott (Sweco), Vincent Sharpe (Allianz ECP), Derek Smith (retired, previously OTIS UK), Michael Turner (Lester Control Systems Ltd.)

Contributing authors: Dr Lutfi Al-Sharif (University of Jordan), Wolf Ehry (LIFTpro), Iain Forbester (Serapid Ltd.), Jonathon Hoskin (Ampetronic), Rob Keane (Hydratec), Ben Langham (LUL), Gordon Lucas (ILECS), Brian Preston (Magnetek UK Ltd.), Dr Rory Smith (Consultant), Don Vollrath (Magnetek Inc.), Russell Walker (Atwell International Ltd.)

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